The Museum of Rome was inaugurated in 1930 and was first located in the former Pantanella Pasta Factory near the Church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin. In 1952 it was moved to the eighteenth century Palazzo Braschi, former seat of the Fascist Federation of Rome. 

The collections of the museum consist of 40,000 pieces that document the different moments of the life, work, and customs of the city of Rome from the Middle Ages up to our days. 

Sculptures and paintings, many of which representing feasts, ceremonies, and various historical events are exhibited, in addition to sixteenth century and Medieval mosaics, frescoes, and ceramics, discovered during the excavations and demolitions that affected the city. It also includes the De Sanctis collection and the complete series of casts by Pietro Tenerani, a well-known sculpture of the past century.

The following works deserve to be mentioned: the Carousel in honor of Christine of Sweden by Filippo Lauri and Filippo Gagliardi; the Feast of the Saracen at Piazza Navona by Andrea Sacchi; St. Camillo de' Lellis by Pierre Subleyras; the Portrait of Pious the Fourth by Pompeo Batoni; the Self-portrait by Antonio Canova; the Baptism of Christ by Francesco Mochi.

The collection of the museum comprises the Municipal Cabinet of Prints and the Photographic Archive, they are largerly digital and can be consulted via multimedia stations.